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DEPARTMENT
EPISODE 1
The documentary project of Alexander Arkhangelsky

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I wrote a historical novel
little by little,

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making my way through a fog 
from the prologue to the epilogue.

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Everyone writes as he hears.
Everyone hears as he breathing.

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As he breathes, so he writes, 
not trying to please…
So nature wanted.

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Why? It's none of our business.
For what? It is not for us to judge.


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Nelly Motroshilova, Doctor of Philosophy, widow of Yuri Zamoshkin:
- There were no favorable conditions for free thought  

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anywhere and at any time, in any country. 

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Always someone somehow, either more harshly or less harshly, 

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but still opposed free thought, restrained it,  

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hindered it, and so on. 

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This is one side of antinomy. And the second side is  

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that free thought was still developing. 

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Merab Mamardashvili:
- We do not extract experience. And this is endlessly repeated. We do something for which we repent, 

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but this repentance prevents us from doing again what we repent for. 

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Why? Because, obviously, there is no structure 

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in which we have once and for all extracted experience 

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from what we had to repent for. 

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And if we didn't do it, then it will be repeated. 

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In Russian history, I would say, 

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the genius of repetition was walking with might and main. 

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George Shchedrovitsky:
- I am a philosopher and I carry out philosophical work. Within philosophy, I form 

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a special direction-methodology. And this is the most powerful 

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form of collective thinking and activity organization that I know of.

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Alexander Zinoviev:
- I am not a victim of the Soviet regime. On the contrary, the regime is 

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my victim. Because he got more 

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from me than I got from him. 

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HAPPY PLOT

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In the summer of 1966, a new Academic Institute was opened in Moscow, 

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called, you can't think of a more boring one, the Institute of the International Labor Movement – IILM. 

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In this strange place, philosophers, art historians 

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and publicists will soon gather, who do not understand anything 

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about the labor movement, do not seek an official career,  

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but also do not intend to fight with the Soviet Government, who want 

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only one thing - to think freely,

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as far as possible under the circumstances set by history. 

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A DUNGEON WITH OPEN WINDOWS

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During these years, academic institutions multiplied by budding. The center of the capital has become 

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a place of residence for young philosophers, historians, and psychologists. 

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From Volkhonka, where the Institute of Philosophy was located, if desired,

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it was possible to walk in fifteen minutes to Mokhovaya,

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to the Institute of Psychology, from there it was another half an hour 

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to Kolpachny, where IILM was. 

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Soon Georgy Arbatov will push through the decision to open the Institute of the USA and Canada.

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Under Stalin, capable techies were driven to camp "sharashka" 

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to develop all sorts of useful devices.

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Now the humanities have been given a chance to work in freedom. Let them think, 

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they'll all pile up together and renew the decrepit ideology. 

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At the same time, you can give a sinecure to former intelligence officers

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and diplomats who have played their part. Hide their vast bodies 

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behind the narrow backs of intellectuals. 

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Nelly Motroshilova, Doctor of Philosophy, widow of Yuri Zamoshkin:
- It was necessary to find shelter and some kind of freedom somewhere. 

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And they found it. You know, as they say, 

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weapons should be stored at the police station, so they found it 

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at the Institute of the International Labor movement.

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The name is clumsy, and the audience there was wonderful.

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Oleg Genisaretsky, Doctor of Art History, Deputy Director of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences:
- In general, we always have high-class lawyers, artists, athletes  

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and free-thinking people for international events. Because 

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they must correspond to the level of freedom 

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where they represented. Here, Merab Konstantinovich was 

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our contact with Eurocommunism. They should have been

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on the same foot with Sartre.

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The intellectuals were not slow to gather, but they did not want to pile on anything.

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They had a completely different logic.

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A depression formed in the solid wall. A niche appeared. 

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They flowed into it like raindrops. 

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Previously, there were special departments. Now philosophers

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and sociologists began to live a separate special life. 

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And we will see what will happen next, what will come out of it.

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CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE PLACE AND TIME

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The sentence of the writers Sinyavsky and Daniel for publishing  

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novels abroad has been announced. 

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At the XXIII Congress of the CPSU, Sholokhov says: «If these thugs with a black conscience had been caught in the twenties, when 

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they were judged not based on strictly delimited articles   

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of the Criminal Code, but guided by a revolutionary sense of justice, 

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then these werewolves would have received the other measure of punishment». 

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The Vietnam War continues. Brezhnev was elected General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. 

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A Fiat plant is being built on the Volga. Soon in the Soviet Union, the car 

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пwill no longer be a luxury. There is a catastrophic earthquake in Tashkent. 

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Anna Akhmatova is dying. Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" 

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was published in the Moscow magazine. The world is watching 451

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degrees Fahrenheit, the Soviet viewer "Beware of the car". 

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Vitaly Wolf, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation:
- I opened the newspaper and read that the Institute of the International   

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LaborMovement of the USSR Academy of Sciences is recruiting junior  

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researchers, naturally, with degrees

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in such and such departments. 

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I took my PhD degree and was looking for this Kolpachny Lane.

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And I came to the institute. You don't understand what kind of institution this is in general.

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The name really scared me off. 

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But there were very intelligent people who

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were very rare to meet in Moscow. 

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I looked in the buffet. There was just such a salon of Madame de Stael.

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In the buffet of the semi-school building 

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in Kolpachny Lane, allocated for the needs of the IILM, 

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in the interval between the 66th and 68th, it was possible to meet outstanding humanitarians. 

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Yuri Davydov, the author of the fashionable book "Labor 

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and Freedom", did not work here, but constantly appeared. 

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The book has been translated into Italian and was published 

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by the same Milanese communist Feltrinelli, who

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in 57 published Pasternak's novel "Doctor Zhivago", 

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 and a few years later will die in a terrorist raid of the 

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Red Brigades. Davydov's wife, the historian of European philosophy, 

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Piama Gaidenko. Thanks to her efforts, the next generation 

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will learn about the real philosophical thought of the XX century. 

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Philosophers Merab Mamardashvili and Erich Solovyov. It was impossible to meet the most 

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 famous publicist of the era, Yuri Karyakin, for one reason -

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after entering the service, Karyakin immediately refused  

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to appear at work. The director couldn't do anything about it, 

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and he didn't really want to. 

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Irina Zorina, Candidate of Historical Sciences, wife of Yuri Karyakin:
- To Karyakin: «You should come to the institute at least sometime. Show yourself. 

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Well, you're doing your Dostoevsky there. All the time denunciations come on you. 

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You blurt something out here and there.

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In the Taganka Theater, you have endless problems.

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Well, show yourself at the institute».

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And Karyakin calmly told him: «Timur, I'm 

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going to the Guinness World Record. I have already celebrated 4 

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years - I did not show up at the institute. 

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Why would I destroy this record?» 

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And in other departments served the sociologist Shubkin, the founder of political science 

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Leonid Gordon. Even Natalia Svetlova, who has already tied 

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her fate with Solzhenitsyn, will be on the staff of the institute 

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for half a year. What was happening in the IILM is defined by a simple 

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and capacious word - free community.

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Svetlana Aivazova, Chief Researcher at the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences:
- There was a feeling that you were living in the era of Athenian democracy.

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Yes, and this is a real Athenian philosophical school.

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For me, for a student, going back to 

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the year 66, let's say, I felt  

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exactly like this. The young student who came 

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sat down on the edge of the pool. There are disputes 

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of great people there. And you're eavesdropping and trying 

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everything you can squeeze out. I remember that I, 

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having a husband, a family, a small child, 

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had to read 100 pages a day without fail.

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I was stirring porridge with one hand, 

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and here I had a book.

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Vitaly Wolf, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation:
- What are you? What other lawsuits were there between Erich Solovyov 

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and Davydov? It was just shooting from pistols. 

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Piama Gaidenko, who generally looked down 

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on everything. Yuri Zamoshkin, who was 

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incredible in temperament, made emotional speeches. Zinoviev then accurately described

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his penchant for word-speaking as such.

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Which Merab never did. He had 

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a squeamish face when the sparks were flying. 

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But every free community should have clear organizers

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who manage the creative oasis. A man whose biography 

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was completely atypical for a Soviet ideological boss 

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was appointed to this role, quite by chance, 

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but historically natural. 

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The opening speech was delivered by the Director of the Institute of the International Labor Movement, corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences Timofeev. 

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TTT: THE GENERATION OF GOOD KINGS

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- In the late 50s, I found myself in America, 

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in the team of experts that Khrushchev went to the General Assembly.

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Khrushchev introduced me to my own father at the end of the reception.

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The young director of the Institute, 

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Timur Timofeev, nicknamed TTT, really

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saw his father only in the United States, and only thanks to Khrushchev.

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Because his father was an American illegal for many years,

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and by the end of the fifties he became the general

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secretary of the Communist Party of the USA. TTT was brought up in the famous

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Ivanovo orphanage together with the sons of the leaders of other 

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Communist parties, western and eastern. 

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Children's parade of 27 nationalities from different countries of the world inhabit this house. 

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Moms and dads fought against foreign invaders, internal enemies 

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and damned imperialists. And Timur Timofeev's friends-  

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Mao Zedong's children Seryozha Yun Fu and Kolya

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Yun Shu, together with Josip Broz Tito's heir 

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and other good boys, learned to speak Russian and 

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grew into the flesh of Soviet life. 

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Irina Zorina, Candidate of Historical Sciences, wife of Yuri Karyakin:
- He had some kind of orphanage leaven. He knew how to shelter and warm

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and protect these people. I remember 

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Karjakin telling him: «Timur, you know, you will be counted 

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in the next World not what you  

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wrote there about this international labor 

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movement, no one will be interested in it, but 

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the fact that everyone gathered at your institute,  

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everyone survived and everyone was really engaged 

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in what claims to be eternity».  Mamardashvili was engaged in his Hegel, 

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Lebedev Chaadaev, Karyakin was engaged in Dostoevsky. Everyone wrote their own.

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At the same time, they sometimes went to this  

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Institute, were registered, received a very meager salary, but they survived. 

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The guys grow up strong and seasoned people. 

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In the orphanage childhood, Timur Timofeev was called Tim Ryan. 

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In the 56th before the trip to the BBC, he will be ordered to urgently rename himself. 

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Timur Timofeef, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the IMRD in 1966-1991.:
- Listen, you need to change your last name or exclude you from the delegation.

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Because Ryan is a typical 

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Irish surname. (You know, even the movie was

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«Saving Private Ryan».) They will immediately start asking: "From where? What?"

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Once the Central Committee said, the Ministry of the RSFSR issued me a passport. 

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Timofeev's father changed his 

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last names all his life and was encrypted. In Europe, he was a Ryan,

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returning to the United States, he took the surname Denis.  

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And only at the end of the 90s Timur Timofeev

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found out that his father's real name was Waldren. 

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And his mother was Norwegian. 

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However, at the Institute of the international labor movement, it was difficult to surprise with an exotic origin.

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The biography of the famous aesthetician Karl Cantor is even more whimsical.

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He was born in Argentina. His parents 

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emigrated separately to Latin America before the revolution. 

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Moreover, the father was married to another woman, 

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and the mother was married to another man. 

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In Buenos Aires, they met, destroyed previous marriages, got together.

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Karl Kantor's father successfully taught at the University, but 

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the dream of Revolution did not give them rest. 

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Academician Vladimir Vernadsky helped him to return to Soviet Russia. 

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Hunter's sister stayed in Buenos Aires and 

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became a famous Argentine poet. 

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When visiting Moscow, she constantly communicated with Pasternak and through him met 

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the young Voznesensky. 

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«I'm in Shushenskoye. I'm hanging around in the woods. Such a wilderness in my forests!

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I think that genius moves into others».

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Of course, the origin gave Timofeev extra points, provided some cover.

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But the main thing was something else. There were writers of the sixties, artists

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of the sixties, but there were also bosses of the sixties who lost 

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their infant faith in communism, saw the world out of

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the corner of their eyes, felt sympathy for it, but 

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did not forget how to survive inside the system. 

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Erich Solovyov, Doctor of Philosophy, Chief Researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences:
- The liberalism that existed in the IILM 

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at that time was the same liberalism that  

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was generally observed at that time in the serving party apparatus.

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In general, people who used to work in 

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this service apparatus came to IILM, 

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as a rule, well, let's say, enlightened losers 

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of this apparatus. Here is the most striking example of this - 

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this is Len Aleksandrovich Karpinsky, who under Khrushchev 

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was in charge of one of the most responsible departments of the 

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newspaper Pravda and became one of the employees of 

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the International labor movement. 

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The institute and many of its employees had patrons. 

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They are the curators. In the international department of the Central Committee,  

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the head of the group of consultants, Anatoly Sergeevich Chernyaev, looked after IILM. 

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Years later, he would become Gorbachev's assistant. 

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During the coup, he will hold on with calm courage, 

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as befits a former front-line soldier. 

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So far, Chernyaev still believes that the system can be updated from the inside, 

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humanized, become rational. 

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One of the levers of influence on the course of history is IILM. 

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Svetlana Aivazova, Chief Researcher at the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences:
- All these figures determined the search that was going on at the institute - 

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a search in the direction of a human being. How to make 

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a person feel comfortable in history? 

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But not only the views of enlightened losers have changed, 

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life principles and guidelines have changed. 

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Two rules prevailed: live yourself and let others live. 

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According to this principle, not only Timofeev acted, but also 

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those whom he appointed as leaders. 

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The giant department for the study of public consciousness was headed by the americanist Yuri Zamoshkin. 

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After some time, Vitaly Wulf, a theater critic 

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with a law degree, who came to IILM from the Moscow bar association, 

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turned out to be the head of the sector. 

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Vitaly Wolf, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation:
- Erich said that the department of intellectual consciousness, of course, will be headed by me.

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There was a crazy, I remember, hype.

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I sat in the corner quietly, timidly, without 

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sticking my nose out at all. It had nothing to do with me.

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Timofeev came to us. They treated him

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very differently - who did you respect him, 

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who did not respect him. But everyone understood  

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that if it were not for him, there would not be this atmosphere. 

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He loved scandals. He sat, listened, watched. 

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And suddenly he said: «There's a guy sitting in the corner

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over there - he was a great artist. " What's your last name?» 

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I say, «Vitaly Wolf.». And I'm laughing. 

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He says: «The ideal figure to lead the division of youth consciousness. Are you a Party member?»

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I say, «No». He says, «It's pathetic. 

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Well, we'll decide that later». And I realized that in order to exist 

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in this giant department, you don't have to ask anyone anything.

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The Communist Party of the Soviet Union,

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realizing its international responsibility, will spare no effort 

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to strengthen the unity of the international communist movement  

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in the name of the triumph of the cause of socialism, the cause of the brotherhood of the working people of all countries. 

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But what about the reports, relations with the authorities?

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Here Timofeev followed a different principle: give the system  

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what it asks for, observe the ritual. Do you need reports? 

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We convene conferences, invite the secretaries of the Central Committee of the CPSU

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 from Suslov to Ponamarev, the general secretaries of the Western Communist parties. 

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The revised transcripts can be released as collections. Here is the report!

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Well, why should the Central Committee secretaries come to these conferences? 

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Igor Kon, Doctor of Philosophy, Academician of RAO:
- It was an absolutely brilliant knight move.  

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Because, thus, if it was printed in 

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a Political publication, the secretary of the Central Committee could not 

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receive a fee for it. Because they did not 

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receive money for their speeches and official reports. 

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And they really needed the money.  

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And so the authorities were happy. It was engaged in 

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a very important task-it strengthened the international labor movement,

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and it received something else for it. It was impossible to scold

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such a thing, and therefore the Institute 

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was afloat regardless of  

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what individual employees did.  

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Timur Timofeev, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the IMRD in 1966-1991.:
- Galina Leonidovna Brezhneva has heard that there is such an institute, that 

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there is something and something interesting there. And he says: «Timur, will you 

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take me to your Institute?»  

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Well, you know, I was not in a very easy position. 

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Then an idea occurred to me! 

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I say: «Actually, I would think, but I have only  

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one question you, Galya. What languages do you know?

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For example, I prefer to take people who know 

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2-3 languages. Galya, let's do this. You learn 

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German, or even better, some English, 

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and we will return to this issue.  

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The art of bureaucratic maneuvering is known to all bosses. 

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The Stalinist times are no exception. But before they were cunning in order to survive, 

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and now so that they would not bother too much. 

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Life, as such, has become a value for the enlightened nomenclature. 

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Revolutionary asceticism is a thing of the past. 

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Svetlana Aivazova, Chief Researcher at the Institute of Sociology of the Russian Academy of Sciences:
- They were men, around 40 and very beautiful women of 20,

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25, 26 years old. I even had

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the impression that girls are selected based on their appearance.

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But such a number of beauties per one square 

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meter of the institute square simply could not be found

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anywhere and never. And naturally,  

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these charges are some kind of erotic,  

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if you want, they slipped in and additionally fueled 

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this intellectual life. 

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Timur Timofeev, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director of the IMRD in 1966-1991.:
- Erich Solovyov, a friend of Mamardashvili, even composed such a not quite decent chastushka,

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which you will probably cut out. But I can't deny myself  

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the pleasure of repeating it. He says that  

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рthe guys work here and in their eyes 

312
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Tolyatti and Torez and a healthy sexual interest.  

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Erich Solovyov, Doctor of Philosophy, Chief Researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences:
- Once, against the conscience of a sinner, I got  

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to a meeting at the HPS (Higher School of Economics). I thought I'd meet some seasoned old men there, 

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compilers of vigorous labels. And there the guys are ruddy, left-wing,

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00:23:21.700 --> 00:23:25.800
more and more Gariks, Arnolds and Glebs.  

317
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And in their eyes they have Togliatti and Torez 

318
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and a healthy sexual interest. So be it, I confess to you. 

319
00:23:37.800 --> 00:23:42.900
I was invited to the KGB once.  

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Well, of course, I get dressed and fly to the seasoned one, I think, an owl. 

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And there the guys are ruddy, left-wing, 

322
00:23:54.100 --> 00:23:59.000
more and more Gariks, Arnolds and Glebs.  

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And in their eyes they have Togliatti and Torez  

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and a healthy sexual interest.  

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Oh, my hand does not rise to write. Once I was called to the Central Committee. 

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Well, I thought I would get to the first, who swore allegiance to Ilyich.  

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And there the guys are ruddy, left-wing, more and more Gariks, Arnolds and Glebs. 

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And in their eyes they have Togliatti and Torez  

329
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and a healthy sexual interest. 

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Wait to have fun for no reason, more boys will grow into men.

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They will slowly clean their own. And they will have 

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a Congress of winners. All are equally ruddy and left-wing. 

333
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Everyone is equally Arnolds and Glebs. Here their portraits 

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will be hung around Moscow with Timofeyev Timur at the head.  

335
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There will be no Winners ' Congress. But for some time, history  

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gave them the opportunity to comfortably, cheerfully, 

337
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freely engage in the main business of life - to think,  

338
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and, consequently, as Descartes taught us, to exist.  

339
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I nurtured Marxist science,

340
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Even by the dots in the line did not disdain.

341
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I followed the comma on the heels, and not as a fool

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I studied "Capital" with "Anti-During".