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DEPARTMENT
EPISODE 4
The documentary project of Alexander Arkhangelsky

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George Shchedrovitsky:
- The world is the existence of an entity. And, in this sense, thinking really exists as a substance. 

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Alexander Pyatigorsky:
- In general, you know, a philosopher should not be indignant. He should only resent himself.

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Lev Anninsky, writer, literary critic:
- A Russian man lies down on the bottom and breathes through a straw. The fact is that you could breathe 

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everywhere. And everywhere they did not allow to breathe. And they hadn't been giving it, but it was possible.

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This happens in history, the explosion has not 

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yet occurred, but the blast wave has already started. 1967 is the year  

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of an alarming lull. Everything seems to be calm so far, 

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but there is a thunderstorm in the air. There are no mass departures  

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and there cannot be. And the question of leaving-

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staying is already being discussed. The dissident movement has just been born, 

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and it is already necessary to choose: "Where are you? Who are you with? 

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Which way are you going?" And there  

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is not a single pleasant, convenient answer. Like in a Russian fairy tale: "If you go to the left,  

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you'll lose your horse. If you go to the right, you'll lose a friend. If you go straight, 

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you will die." 

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Vladimir Lukin, Commissioner for Human Rights under the President of the Russian Federation:
- Some kitchens turned into hotbeds  

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of the dissident movement, such as the Avtozavodskaya apartment 

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of Petya Yakir and Yulik Kim. They just pulled people out there. Apartment 

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of Lyudmila Mikhailovna Alekseeva. Gradually, this dilemma 

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 became: "What to do? To go into dissidence or to preserve 

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some kind of cultural free basis without falling into it?  

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To leave, not to leave? " 

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Mamardashvili and Zinoviev, Pyatigorsky and Karyakin, 

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Shchedrovitsky and Levada do not conspire to choose a side

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compartment of history. They are not dissidents and they

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are not with the authorities. Their life's work is scientific practice. And politics is 

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separate work. If you are ready to put everything

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on the line to the end, sacrifice your profession,  

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then come on. And if not, there is no need to deceive anyone.  

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Galina Davydova, widow of Georgy Shchedrovitsky:
- The question was: is a person ready to take risks 

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for the sake of what he thinks, his principles or ideas? Если 

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If you're ready, then it's fair. And if you're not ready,  

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then it's called "fingers crossed behind the back." 

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Oleg Genisaretsky, Doctor of Art History, Deputy Director of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences:
- You know, the feeling of a deal with history is a rather strange formula. If God has 

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placed me at this time and in this 

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place, I cannot change this historical place, 

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that I must do something

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to participate in it. To do it, you need to be 

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with people, you need to be in the environment and you need to have the subject 

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of this case. Well, then, indeed, a choice that

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is subject to moral consideration: What is more important for you - 

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to study science, philosophy or thinking, 

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or to leave it all and enter 

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a clean, even more constrained political field? 

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Natalia Grushina, widow of Boris Grushin:
- Merab was saying that. And Grushin often said. We have never been either pro- or counter-. Never.


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We just had our own sphere, our own field. And we processed it. We felt free and young.

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CIRCUMSTANCES OF THE PLACE AND TIME

Year 1967

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Dissidents Yuri Galanskov and Alexander Ginzburg

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were arrested. Everyone is waiting for a war with China.

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Saturday becomes a day off. Andropov is the chairman of the KGB.

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Solzhenitsyn finished work on The Gulag Archipelago. Marquez debuted 

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the novel "One Hundred Years of Solitude". Relations with Israel,  

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which won the six-day war, have been severed. 

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The Soviet Union strongly 

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demanded that Israel stop its aggression in the Middle East. 

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The full support of the peoples of the Arab East is expressed 

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in the joint statement of the Central Committee of the Communist and Workers' 

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Parties and the Governments of the Socialist countries.

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Orenburg died. Che Guevara died.

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There is a terrorist attack on Red Square. It is reported 

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that the explosive device was planted by a crazy Lithuanian. Ostankino TV Tower

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has been launched. The country is watching the film "The Caucasian Captive". 

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The world listens to the Beatles.

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THE WORLD COUNCIL IN A COMMUNAL APARTMENT


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But from now on, personal choice will too often 

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be determined not by politics, but by ethics.  

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One of the founders of the diastancourt circle, Georgy Shchedrovitsky, after the verdict 

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of Galansky and Ginzburg, unexpectedly for many, will sign letters 

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of protest. Although for him, the profession is more important   

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than anything in the world. And he is not going

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to enter the political field. Galanskov was a school 

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student of Shchedrovitsky. And that's enough to make a decision.

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Galina Davydova, widow of Georgy Shchedrovitsky:
- It was impossible not to act in any way, in relation  

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to oneself, and not in relation to the authorities. 

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And he treated dissidents differently, not to 

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the dissident movement as such, but to individuals. 

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Vyacheslav Glazychev, Doctor of Art History:
- I asked him completely sincere questions: "How could you  

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sign, knowing that you would bring down the whole business to which

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you have given so many years of your life?" The answer was unexpected 

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to a large extent: "I couldn't refuse 

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these people." The ethical dictate of one's circle is 

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an extremely serious thing. 

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Peter Shchedrovitsky, son of George Shchedrovitsky:
- He was kicked out of the Party. Expelled from work. He earned some odd jobs. 

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It was just the end of the seventies -

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the beginning of the eighties. We lived in a family, not to say that we were starving, but on the verge.

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His grandfather was thinking about money for him. That's why 

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Grandpa sold part of his dacha in order 

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to buy him an apartment. But, it's true, Grandpa was also thinking about 

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himself, because he really didn't like that people go to the house 

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for seminars all the time.

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Shchedrovitsky never fit into any environment. 

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He was his own department. And he was engaged only in what he considered necessary 

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and sufficient for his own large-scale plans  

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at this particular moment. He could impose methodological ideas on the institute of preschool education,

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instead of writing manuals about potting. 

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He could do technical design, teach in a real culinary 

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college, model the ideology of training athletes in the State Sports Committee,

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anywhere, if only they would let him implement ideas.

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George Shchedrovitsky:
- You have to go through everything, all your life in our generation, and so that our children, grandchildren, 

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great-grandchildren, all those who go further, can count 200-300 generations

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so that they can go, go and go, and nothing would hold them back.


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Peter Shchedrovitsky, son of George Shchedrovitsky:
- Georgy Petrovich thought about a 200-year period. Most importantly, he spoke like this:

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"We have eternity ahead of us, so we don't have to rush anywhere". 

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It was in the spirit of the times to feel like

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Lem's thinking ocean, the world scientific council. It was then

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that Stanislav Lem spoke at IILM at a seminar

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with Oleg Genisaretsky, a favorite student of Georgy Shchedrovitsky. 

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Oleg Genisaretsky, Doctor of Art History, Deputy Director of the Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences:
- In our imagination, he was so sparkling.

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He entered. The most boring person who didn't pay attention to anything at all.

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at all. Moved everything away. And he answered all the questions, 

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well, just like a regular bore. But for me, 

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however, it had another consequence.

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In a few years, Genisaretsky will be invited to participate in the filming of a scene from Solaris: a meeting of the World Scientific Council.

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"-But we didn't understand anything. You have removed the clouds. Why did you shoot only clouds? 

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- This is probably the fog I told you about. This is a complete surprise to me." 

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- And I had such an appearance, well, if you remember, like the young "Pesnyary". The view is appropriate - some bangs, withers.

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The master enters, inspects and says: "So, this one doesn't look like a scientist."

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And I was removed from there, the only person who was at the table among all our artistic bohemians

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and who had something to do with science, as atypical.

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THE COMMON CIRCLE ON THE EVE OF THE SPLIT

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An explosive wave from future explosions runs across the surface 

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of history. And human relationships are imperceptibly covered with a thin network of cracks.

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Different life experiences, different moral choices

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are gradually beginning to part those who were  

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once an inseparable whole. Shchedrovitsky ascetic and teacher.  

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He intends to remake man, to change the structure of science.  

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And Mamardashvili and Grushin did not take ascetic vows.  

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They need comfortable conditions for slow work.  

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The time is getting closer when the four founders of  

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the diastancourt circle, despite their personal sympathies, will have to go 

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their separate ways, and many of the employees of IMRD will disperse to different institutions.

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Peter Shchedrovitsky, son of George Shchedrovitsky:
- After all, Merab worked, including in the official 

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philosophical environment. And Georgy Petrovich didn't get along well with it. 

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And relations with Zinoviev were very difficult.

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Alexander Zinoviev:
- By the beginning of the eighties, I had 

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a very serious conflict with my professional environment, which was  

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one of the reasons for the rebellion I went to.  

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Olga Zinovieva, widow of Alexander Zinoviev:
-The phrase "secretly giving it the finger" reflects more than clearly Alexander Alexandrovich's perception

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of the role of the intelligentsia, the intelligentsia of that time. "Secretly giving it the finger" - this is 

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production of Lyubimov, these are some books where the characters are not named by their name, but shamefully hidden in the corners, 
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 it is like literature with a kind of experiences, 

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when hiding behind particulars, so as not to let slip about the main thing.

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But the closer the inevitable moment of separation, the sharper the feeling

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that you need to tie the knots tighter, 

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either to keep from breaking, or exclusively for memory.

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An important center of philosophical thought and a platform for a general 

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meeting suddenly becomes the workshop of Ernst Neizvestny, who also

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studied philosophy at Moscow State University.  

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Zinoviev and Mamardashvili, Grushin and Zamoshkin, their progressive curators from the 

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Central Committee intersect here. Sartre, once in Moscow, looks into the workshop.

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Neizvestny grapples with him more harshly than Mamardashvili, 

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repeating that a person is not sentenced to freedom, but strives  

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for it all his life through tragedy.  

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Paola Volkova, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation, Professor of higher directing courses:
- One of the most important conversations that took place  

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between them was a conversation about freedom. They didn't understand  

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each other at all. Freaked out. He was furious. 

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Ernst Neizvestny:
- I was waiting for Sartre, but I met a Frenchman from Bordeaux. 

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Tatiana Kharlamova, a friend of Ernst  Neizvestny:
- And so Ernst had a workshop in a very convenient place, 

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 it was in Bolshoy Sergievsky Lane,  

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on Sretenka , in the Center, it was very convenient. It was generally such 

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a passing yard, I would say. 

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Irina Zorina, Candidate of Historical Sciences, wife of Yuri Karyakin:
- Yura was absent 5 days a week. He just didn't spend the night at home, he spent the night at Ernst's.

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Eric was offered to illustrate "Crime and Punishment".

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And he said, "Yura, give me the basic ideas." 

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Faith. Violence. The person is placed. Raskolnikov. He's cracking up.  

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He wants good for people and for this good he can kill.

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Here's an idea. And an amazing engraving is born - between a cross and an axe. 

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It was a joy to see him do it all. Wet, sweaty, dirty, working.

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That's where the real forge was, the craftsmanship. 

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Even the security officers could not prevent their communication.

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A tacit agreement was made with them:

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"you are not hiding, we are not hiding." 

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Irina Zorina, Candidate of Historical Sciences, wife of Yuri Karyakin:
- They had a professional snitch, who was a colonel, Lenya.

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He sat there and said: "Guys, well, what should I inform on you?

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You all have some kind of philosophy and art, art and philosophy.

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No anti-Soviets. I don't know what to write." Then they was saing to him: "Lenya, let's bring a bottle now. 

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Mind your own business, and don't get involved in our conversations."

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Tatiana Kharlamova, a friend of Ernst  Neizvestny:
- The KGB even brought a lot of vodka. Ernst liked to drink and so they got into a fight.

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Well, Eric just said, "You're a snitch, that's who you are, the most ordinary.

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And that you can rat on me when I always tell everything openly."

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One day Karjakin arrived at the workshop of Neizvestny and saw how

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the mighty Ernst hits Colonel Lenya, officially assigned to him.

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Irina Zorina, Candidate of Historical Sciences, wife of Yuri Karyakin:
- At this moment Zhenya Yevtushenko enters. Watching. He's driving as always.

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He elegant as always. He looks and leaves. Karjakin thinks: "Chickened out, bastard. Scared."

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After 10 minutes, the same Yevtushenko appears with two

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white shirts. " Guys, you are had got a little dirty here. Here are your shirts and finish this business." 

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THE ART OF LIVING UNDERWATER

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The closer the catastrophic change in the situation, the moment of inevitable reckoning 

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for an overly comfortable existence in history, the more such 

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philosophical shelters. One of the most important  

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is the so-called Zamoshkin circle. A young Americanist and sociologist 

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Yuri Zamoshkin met his future wife, 

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a graduate of the Philosophical, Nelly Motroshilova at the Kurchatov Nuclear Center, 

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as befits philosophers of the sixties. 

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Nelly Motroshilova, Doctor of Philosophy, widow of Yuri Zamoshkin:
- I went as a consultant to a methodological seminar (the so-called "methodological seminar") at 

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the Kurchatov Institute, that is, to the center of physical thought.

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I was inviting to them the philosophers they wanted to listen to.

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What were these philosophers talking about?

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About the same existentialism, about phenomenology. My future husband  

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had read a report on Freud there.

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Igor Kon, Doctor of Philosophy, Academician of RAE:
- They were just beaming with happiness. 

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It's very touching to look at a teenage, youthful romance, how people glow.

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And when it's adults, it looks even stronger.

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Zamoshkin is young. In the year of creation and IILM, he turned 

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39 years old. But behind him is membership in the editorial board in "Questions of Philosophy".

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He is the son of a famous museum worker, a secular 

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man, a visiting - the complete opposite of Shchedrovitsky. There is no desire to remake the world, 

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to re-educate people and renounce easy life. 

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The first VCR in their circle was bought by Zamoshkin.

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From business trips, he brings cassettes with new  

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films that the philosophers of the post-war draft like so much. 

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Zamoshkin has no illusions about

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the Soviet government, but he does not plan to conflict with it. 

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In his books, the surrounding life shines

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through the American reality by itself. 

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Erich Soloviev, Doctor of Philosophy, Chief Researcher at the Institute of Philosophy of the RAS:
- Capitalism was criticized as  

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as overorganized capitalism, bureaucratic compulsory,

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driving a person, an individual into a special type of corporate

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collectives. Late capitalism and late socialism give rise 

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to some kind of the same civilization, which is 

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very destructive for human individuality. 

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Leading the humanitarian department at the IILM, 

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where the brilliant thinkers of the era gathered, Zamoshkin created  

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microzones of freedom. He lived himself and gave others to live.

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Vitaly Wolf, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation:
- I didn't do a damn thing on planned work. I didn't know how to do it.

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I was standing very sadly, I remember, in the corridor of the third floor, 

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looking out the window. And Merab came up and said to me: "Go to Yuri Zamoshkin." 

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He led me to Yura. Yura said: "Yes, come to us. What is the conversation about?

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You know what? Take up the topic of the hippie movement." And I started doing it. 

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I wrote an article "Around the Woodstock Festival", which was published 

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in the magazine "Theater". 

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But the main thing lies elsewhere. Zamoshkin had already learned to breathe underwater 

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and was ready to teach this art to everyone.

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Natalia Grushina, widow of Boris Grushin:
- A Jewish joke: When it was announced that  

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there would be a Worldwide flood (I omit the beginning), the Rabbi gathered the Jews in the synagogue and said:


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"People. We have 24 hours

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to learn how to live underwater." And Yuri 

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Zamoshkin and Nelya helped us a lot to live  

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underwater - they are inseparable. And, by the way, Zinoviev usually 

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drew them as one figure, very funny.  

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Unlike Ernst Neizvestny, the Zamoshkins did not have a huge workshop, 

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only a tiny apartment at VDNH.

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At a plentiful table with Russian vodka,  

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overseas whiskey, the Solovyovs, Grushins, Zinovievs, the convinced bachelor 

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Mamardashvili constantly gathered. Frequent guests were  

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Igor Cohn, Vitaly Wolf. Sometimes Levada came by.

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Nelly Motroshilova, Doctor of Philosophy, widow of Yuri Zamoshkin:
- We used this time to talk to each other.

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It was also a colossal pleasure, joy, privilege. 

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It was a way of life, it was a way, in Heidegger's

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words, to acquire some kind of shelter. The laughter just wouldn't stop.

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Grushin and his wife, by the way, are of unearthly beauty,

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which our men, of course, also really liked. 

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Natalia Grushina, widow of Boris Grushin:
And Lukin, by the way, has been there. Maybe he doesn't like to remember now. He was interested in UFOs  

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and believed in itand tried to convert us all to his faith.  

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Igor Kon, Doctor of Philosophy, Academician of RAE:
- There were very intellectual 

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conversations without any boundaries and everything else. 

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At the same time there was a good feast. And Grushin, who was distinguished, among many other things 

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by a wonderful appetite. There was such a story once.

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Well, a small apartment, the same as today. At that time, it was

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still an apartment. Everyone is full. Everything was wonderful. 

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Then Grushin went into the kitchen, came back and said:

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"Ребята, вы знаете, нас не уважают в этом доме. Оказывается, курица табака была спрятана от нас". 

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The hostess threw up her hands 

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Here it was possible to speak in a language that they understood, but others could not,

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instantly switching to the language of everyday, rude. 

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Then with a jerk to the poems of Erich Solovyov and returning 

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to the end-to-end philosophical plots. 

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Nelly Motroshilova, Doctor of Philosophy, widow of Yuri Zamoshkin:
- Of course, we discussed everything. 

00:21:50.100 --> 00:21:57.900
Of course, we knew who was doing what, who had what ideas. 

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That is, it was the friendship of people of the same 

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profession after all. However, then just my husband

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and Grushin, and others, they represented  

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this process of branching sociology from philosophy.  

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It is also a very interesting process. It was very difficult. 

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While everyone was arguing, chatting, joking, Alexander Zinoviev made endless

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caricature sketches - talented, accurate and evil.  

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In these drawings we see not just sarcastic

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portraits of former diastankurs, Grushin and Mamardashvili,

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not only hospitable hosts 

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and guests, we see their characters, and  

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destinies, and ideas. And no one then suspected that 

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 in the logically constructed Zinoviev consciousness, 

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the grandiose plan of the novel was already swarming, which   

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had not yet found its final form and had no name. The first sketches 

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were made back in 1946.  

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Olga Zinovieva, widow of Alexander Zinoviev:
- In principle, everything connected with Zinoviev has always been exceptional. 

00:23:02.800 --> 00:23:09.000
When Konstantin Simonov saw this manuscript, he said: "Destroy this manuscript now.  

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Have you given it to anyone? - well, you know, the front-line soldiers were to each other on first-name terms. 

00:23:12.800 --> 00:23:16.800
"Have you shown it to anyone?" Alexander Alexandrovich told whom he showed it to. 

00:23:16.800 --> 00:23:20.400
"Take it now. You'll lose his head! " 

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This book will summarize all  

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the philosophical and social, design and historical ideas of the generation.  

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It will largely split their friendship circle. 

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Someone will put up with the book, someone will reject it once and for all. 

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Nelly Motroshilova, Doctor of Philosophy, widow of Yuri Zamoshkin:
- I've never read it because my husband 

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told me, "Don't read it." Yuri Zamoshkin was an authority for me in 

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all such matters, life and so on. 

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I treat, I try to treat, Zinoviev objectively. I consider him

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a very big figure in Russian thought. About all  

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the problems that relate to the evaluation of this book, his 

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relationships with other people, for example with Merab,

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I promised myself that I would never talk about it. 

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But in order for the book to take place and 

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destroy the last cozy shelters, they will have to go 

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through a general shock. Rigidly and inexorably approaching the milestone 

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fateful year 1968, when at first it suddenly seems 

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that all dreams have come true, that the history becomes 

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comfortable and humanized. And then the mirage 

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will collapse in one second. And what makes a philosopher

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a philosopher will begin - a separate lonely path without illusions 

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and self-delusions, with the only legal, the only happiness - to think. 

00:24:58.000 --> 00:25:13.000
Somewhere horses are dancing to the beat, Reluctantly and smoothly. 
Along the road everything is wrong, And even more so in the end.



00:25:13.000--> 00:25:27.000
And neither the church nor the pub — Nothing is sacred.
No, guys, it's not like that, It's not like that, guys!